The Argument Of Clash Of Civilians By Samuel Huntington

In the argument â€Å"Clash of Civilians† written by Samuel Huntington, he states that Western conflicts arose between nation states and ideologies. During the cold war the First, Second, and Third Worlds were divided by their status. Post Cold War it no longer mattered. International policies shift from Western being the main focus to focusing on the West and non-Western civilizations. The differences in civilization when it comes to their culture, customs, religion, ethnicity, have been there for centuries and after the Cold War the politics among states is much less fundamental. Civilization is far more fundamental today and throughout time, civilization identity will continue to be a major component. Huntington also does not see westernization as a desirable surge that engulfs world politics. Conflict is very natural and history proves that argument. The author takes away focus from states as a foundation of war in the future and more on conflict between major culture regions. He states that peoples cultural and religious identities will be the primary bases of conflict post cold war. The world is becoming a smaller place with modernization and technology; thus, relations between people of different civilizations deepen consciousness and awareness. Post cold war, the role of the Western society enhances the growth of civilization. Unlike Fukuyamas argument, Huntington states that cultural characteristics and differences are more complex to solve than political and economicalShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Samuel Huntingtons Clash Of Civilizations And The Remaking Of The World Order1018 Words   |  5 PagesIn Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order, Samuel Huntin gton states â€Å"The most important distinctions among peoples are no longer ideological, political, or economic. They are cultural†. This is his main argument throughout this book. New patterns of distinctions and conflict will occur along boundaries of different cultures. However, patterns of cohesion will be found within the cultural boundaries. Huntington analyzes the resurgence of post-cold war cultural identities. He doesRead MoreThe Conflict Between The United States And The Middle East Essay2176 Words   |  9 Pagesalso a homeland security threat to the United States because of the fear of terrorist attacks. Scholars and Theorists like Samuel Huntington have addressed the question of why states are experiencing heightened tension and have concluded that conflict in states or between states is the result of ethnic differences, namely religion and culture. Samuel Huntington’s essay, Clash of Civilizations, is extremely interesting because I always questioned what would have happened if every race were to stayRead MoreThe Profiling Of Muslims At North American Borders1564 Words   |  7 Pagesunderlying hatred of these opinions. However, the initial focus of this securitization was to minimize drug trafficking and fleeing criminals. The securitization of international migration according to Samuel Huntington (as cited in Faist 2005), has brought about the ‘clash of civilizations. This clash further conveys that the securitization has brought about conflicts and â€Å"reinforces stereotypes about cultural fears and clashes† (Faist 2005). Borders Post-9/11 With the events of the Cold War alreadyRead MoreInsurgency4485 Words   |  18 Pagesthe insurgents and the counter-insurgents. The Department of Defense’s (DOD) definition focuses on the type of violence employed (unlawful) towards specified ends (political, religious or ideological). This characterization fails to address the argument from moral relativity that â€Å"one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter.† In essence, this objection to a suitable definition submits that while violence may be â€Å"unlawful† in accordance with a victim’s statutes, the cause served by thoseRead MoreReligions and War Essay3499 Words   |  14 Pageswere found, for instance the influence of the imperial harem in the later period of the civilisation, when Ottoman diverts its way of expansion.6 Hence it was believed that the ideology alone was not sufficient in motivating the conquest. The best argument one can do is that religion does play a minimal role in deciding the direction of invasion in the beginning of the conquest. For the above three historical examples, amidst the setting or era when warfare and expansion of power by invasion wasRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescommercialized, are connected via transportation and preexisting networks, have a wage gap somewhere 38 †¢ CHAPTER 1 between two and six times more at the destination than at the origin, and have more access to resources to fund migration. The argument that, unlike in the past, global migration today is not narrowing regional economic disparities also overlooks several factors. Wage gaps between northwestern Europe and its destinations were on the lower end of the spectrum because all of these

A Midsummer Nights Dream and Scene - 1024 Words

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Study Questions ACT I, SCENE I - Due Date ____________________ 1. How is Hippolyta’s reasoning concerning how quickly the next four days will pass different from that of Theseus? 2. Why has Egeus brought his daughter and her two suitors to Theseus? What does Egeus expect him to do? 3. What was the proper role for women/daughters in Athenian society according to Egeus and Theseus? 4. What is Theseus’s ruling concerning Hermia? 5. How does Lysander’s comment about Demetrius’s previous love affair with Helena complicate things? 6. What do Lysander and Hermia plan to do about this seemingly impossible situation? 7. Why do they tell Helena what they plan to do? 8. Even though Helena loves Demetrius and is Hermia’s†¦show more content†¦5. What is Theseus’s first explanation of why the young people are asleep in the woods? 6. What explanation does Demetrius make? Why does he compare his love for Hermia to an illness? 7. What is Theseus’s decision co ncerning the four young people? 8. Why can’t the young people be sure whether they are awake or dreaming? 9. Bottom believes he too has had a dream. How is he going to use that dram to entertain the Duke? ACT IV, SCENE II - Due Date ____________________ 1. What opinion do the other artisans now have of Bottom since they think he is lost? 2. What do they most regret losing by not being able to perform the play? 3. Why must the artisans hurry to the Duke’s palace? ACT V - Due Date ____________________ 1. Why does Theseus dismiss the stories of the four young people? 2. Why does Theseus choose to see the play about Pyramus and Thisby rather than the other entertainments? 3. Why does Philostrate try to keep Theseus from seeing the play? What does he say is wrong with it? 4. What does Theseus mean by, â€Å"For never anything can be amiss, when simpleness and duty tender it†? 5. What is accomplished by having the Prologue tell the whole story that the actors are then going to enact? 6. How does Shakespeare use the comments from the audience to enhance the humor of the play that they are watching? 7. What is Hippolyta’s reaction to the play? 8. In what way is Thisby’s final speech humorous? 9.Show MoreRelatedAct 3 scene 2 of A Midsummer Nights Dream1212 Words   |  5 PagesAct 3 scene 2 of A Midsummer Nights Dream A Midsummer Nights Dream is a comedy written by Shakespeare in the Elizabethan times, still performed in the present day. At Act 3 scene 2 we are probably at the height of confusion in the play. Each of the four lovers loves someone who does not love them. Demetrius loves Hermia, Hermia loves Lysander, Lysander loves Helena and Helena loves Demetrius. All this chaos is down to Puck, a mischievous fairy whose job is to stirRead MoreExamine How Shakespeare Presents Love in Act 1 Scene 1 of ‘a Midsummer Night’s Dream’875 Words   |  4 Pagespresents love in Act 1 Scene 1 of ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ Love is a theme which reoccurs through many of Shakespeare’s Plays. In ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’, the theme ‘Love’ is presented from the very beginning in Act 1 Scene 1, through Shakespeare’s use of poetic language, structure and vivid imagery. At the beginning of the play we see an example of parental love, between the characters Egeus and his daughter Hermia. Egeus is ‘Full of vexation’ when he enters the scene, and Shakespeare presentsRead MoreManipulating The Supernatural : William Shakespeare s Othello And A Midsummer Night s Dream883 Words   |  4 Pagesgenerate more recognition for his plays. Throughout Shakespeare s plays, Othello and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, he appeals to the audience by relating to their human nature. One of the major observations of human nature that Shakespeare likely made and incorporated into his plays is the human desire to be drawn toward the seemingly supernatural and unknown. In the first of the two plays, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Othello sets a stage consisting of two dimensions: a typical perception of late fifteenthRead More William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream A Midsummer Night’s Dream could have easily been a light-hearted, whimsical comedy. Complete with a magic forest and a kingdom of fairies, it is an iconic setting for amorous escapades and scenes of lovers. But Shakespeare’s writing is never so shallow; through this romantic comedy, Shakespeare postulates an extremely cynical view of love. A Midsummer Night’s Dream becomes a commentary on the mystery of love, and lovers in general emerge shamedRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Rationality In A Midsummer Nights Dream1058 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is not simply a light-hearted comedy; it is a study of the abstract. Shakespeare shows that the divide between the dream world and reality is inconstant and oftentimes indefinable. Meanwhile, he writes about the power of the intangible emotions, jealousy and desire, to send the natural and supernatural worlds into chaos. Love and desire are the driving forces of thi s play’s plot, leaving the different characters and social classes to sort out the resultingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1474 Words   |  6 Pagesconsistent and underlying concept of romance in each of Shakespeare’s plays and related movies. For instance, one could look at the movies A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Shakespeare in Love. The latter follows the life of William Shakespeare himself, everything from his love affair with Viola de Lesseps to his creation of Romeo and Juliet. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is one of the most famous plays of Shakespeare’s, revolving around the tumultuous relationships of four lovers, aided, and sometimes thwartedRead MoreThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare In A Midsummer Nights Dream, Shakespeare presents us with multiple types of love by using numerous couples in various different situations. For example: Doting loves, the love induced by Oberons potion and in some aspects, Lysander and Hermias love for each other; there are true loves: Oberon and Titania, Lysander and Hermia (for the first half at least, as Lysanders love switches to Helena temporarily)Read MoreRole of Supernatural in Shakespeares a Midsummer Nights Dream1547 Words   |  7 PagesWitches Brew and Fairy Dreams: A Genre Study of Shakespeares Use of the Supernatural (Penn State University, English 444.2: Spring 1998) by Fred Coppersmith Near the end of the opening scene of Macbeth, Shakespeares three Weird Sisters proclaim in unison that fair is foul, and foul is fair, providing us, as readers, with perhaps the best understanding of the plays theme and the tragic downfall of its central character. That this revelation -- this pronouncement that all is not well in ScotlandRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream By Pyramus And Thisbe1325 Words   |  6 Pages The inclusion of a play within a play often serves to highlight and reinforce the dramatic nature of the primary play. Pyramus and Thisbe do this exact practice in a midsummer night’s dream. Pyramus and Thisbe is the play which is performed by the mechanicals at the end of the play. Because the c raftsmen are such bumbling actors, their performance satirizes the melodramatic Athenian lovers and gives the play a purely joyful, comedic ending. Pyramus and Thisbe face parental an social disapprovalRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesA Midsummer Night’s Dream: by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born in April 1564. He had married at the age of eighteen to a twenty-six year old woman named Anne Hathaway in 1582. He had a daughter named Susanna and twins, Judith and Hamnet. Hamnet, his only son, died at age eleven. Shakespeare died in April 1616. Despite the fact that Shakespeare wrote some thirty-seven plays, owned part of his theatrical company, acted in plays, and retired a relatively wealthy man in the city

Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard by Kiran Desai free essay sample

Hullabaloo: great noise or excitement; uproar. †¢On the one hand, people acted in different ways: ?Ammaji tried to chase the monkeys, to find a solution. ?Kulfi wanted to cook the monkeys, which shows that people don’t like them and don’t consider them sacred any more ? The CMO was afraid of them and that’s why he avoided them ? Sampath was frustrated and he didn’t say good metaphors any more ? Devotes started to argue with each other because, some of them thought monkeys were a menace and they had to be removed from Shahkot, and others still considered them sacred no matter what they did †¢On the other hand the monkeys acted this way: ?They still were harassing people, and now they started using violence (biting people) because they were drunk 2)Analyze critically how the opening pages of the chapter suggest how belief always divide people (118-119) †¢People start arguing because they have different points of view concerning the monkey’s problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard by Kiran Desai or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One group said that monkeys were sacred and they didn? t want them to be expelled from Shahkot. †¢They formed a Monkey Protection Society. †¢Miss Jyotsna insulted the spy and she bit him for wanted to remove the monkeys The other group wanted monkeys to be out of their lives because they consider their behavior couldn’t be accepted and much less considered sacred †¢The spy was one of those people who wanted monkeys out of Shahkot 3)What is the effect of this Hullabaloo on Sampath, no referred as the â€Å"Monkey Baba† or â€Å"Hanuman†, as showed on p. 18 and how this end with peace in Shahkot at the end of the chapter. †¢These arguing affected Sampath’s mood, and happiness †¢He was confused and he wanted to be alone more than ever †¢He couldn’t perform good metaphors any more †¢At the end of the chapter, this problem was solved because people went back to the town and argued there †¢Sampath feels calm, and he enjoys the noise of nature

The Whole Language Approach To Learning

There are a lot of specific methods and approaches to teaching. There is no one particular method affirmed by all the teachers, therefore the vast majority of ideas exists. The differences in perception of the ways for teaching lead to the presence of various methods to learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Whole Language Approach To Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Whole Language ideology is a particular method for teaching which deserves attention due to its peculiarity. The main purpose of this discussion is to consider the problem of the Whole Language in detail, referring to the system of reading as the particular method for helping students understand the nature of language as a whole. Considering the approach under discussion, it may be stated that it is based on the idea that the language is a whole and it should be taught as a whole. Traditional system of teaching presupposes divisio n of the learning procedure into several segments which are given to children separately. The peculiarity of the Whole Language approach is that students are offered knowledge into one specific approach which combines necessary items that help students obtain necessary knowledge (Çekià § 223). The whole language approach is based on a number of particular principles which help many students learn languages as a system of knowledge. Thus, the main principles of the whole language instructions are as follows, (1) the lessons are run from the whole to the pieces, (2) lessons are learner-oriented, (3) the lessons are meaningful and purposeful for students, (4) students are involved into social interaction, (5) simultaneous development of receptive and generative competencies is observed, (6) in case a foreign language is taught, native language should be used for instruction, and (7) â€Å"teachers should help second language learners decrease their affective filters† (Aduny arittigun n.p.). Much research has been conducted in the sphere of whole language study system and the results are rather impressive. Those who were offered this particular system made remarkable process in their education. Therefore, Ahmed is sure that writing skills are developed better if this complex system is used. Many scholars point at the fact that students express interest in studying foreign languages if this particular approach is implemented. One of the main problems in learning a foreign language is the inability to use this language.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Students are to study different aspects of language and after these boring exercises students may be able to talk. The whole language approach states that students will have an opportunity to become interested in language earlier before they will be able to talk (Schwarzer and Luke 87). Theme studies, process writing and literature-based breading combine the whole language approach. It means that performing a particular task students are involved several processes which help them learn information faster and better (Lamme and Beckett n.p.). Having considered the main idea of the whole language approach to the education, it is possible to point at the advantages and disadvantages of this system. As it has already been mentioned, the difference between the traditional education and teaching children with the help of the whole language may perfectly underline the pros and cons for using the whole languages. First of all, it should be stated that while writing students just see the graphical correspondence of the letters, while reading aloud they do not involve thinking and creativity and while thinking and answering the question students are unable to apply their writing skills. The whole language approach is the only educational instruction which is ready to combine all of these competence s. This is one of the main values of the system and the reasons why it is better from the traditional one (LeDoux n.p.). One of the main disadvantages of the whole language approach is the absence of the sufficient explicit phonics instruction. Being apparently new system which is not involved largely, many teachers do not want to be bothered with the innovation. However, referring to Schwarzer and Luke’s point of view in the relation to the whole language systems implementation, the following principles should be considered.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Whole Language Approach To Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Language arts should be integrated, â€Å"language is not an end in itself, but a means to an end† (Schwarzer and Luke 95), students should take part in literacy events and be circled with authentic print, students learn new information by doing a complex of activities and they are personally responsible for the knowledge they will obtain. Assessment is an inevitable part of the whole language system (Schwarzer and Luke 95). Additionally, traditional system of education is based on teaching students literacy and language. The Whole Language approach is much broader in this concept as depending on the books accepted for reading, students are taught social justice and other particular notions. Using the whole language approach, students are taught â€Å"a range of social and cultural practices which assist students to question the truth of texts, to ask different questions about texts, and indeed to seek out conflicting texts† (Taylor and Otinsky 71). Ethical and moral issues should be met while implementing the whole language approach (Taylor 106). Therefore, it may be concluded that the choice of the books for reading should be appropriate. To help teachers understand what kind of books should be used, this list of the books for reading for the sixth grade should be checked. The selection of the books for reading is based on the principles of the whole language learning approach and the peculiarity of teaching students. It is important to remember that the support of speech, language and communication are the central goals for teaching students at the sixth grade and the use of the whole language approach may be an ideal method (Leyden, Stackhouse and Szczerbinski 207; Jones n.p.).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The following list of books is provided with the purpose to inform teachers which books should be covered in the program. The choice of the books is based on their usefulness in the whole language approach. Therefore, the following sources should be considered: The Golden Dream of Carlo Chuchio by Lloyd Alexander, No Castles Here by A. C. E. Bauer, Getting to first base with Danalda Chase by Matt Beam, My name is Henry Bibb: a story of slavery and freedom by Afua Cooper, The Million Dollar Putt by Dan Gutman, A Taste for Red by Lewis Harris, The Genie Scheme by Kimberly K. Jones, Lost Time by Susan Maupin Schmid It’s Only Temporary by Sally Warne Closed for the Season by Mary Downing Hahn. These books should be read by the sixth grade students as the part of their whole language approach as there is much to discuss in these novels and stories. Works Cited Adunyarittigun, Dumrong. â€Å"Whole language: A whole new world for ESL programs.† (1993): ERIC. Web. Ahmed, Abd elhamid Mohamed Abdelhamid. â€Å"The Effect of using the whole language approach on developing some composition writing skills in English for experimental secondary students In Egypt.† Online Submission (2006): ERIC. Web. Çekià §, Ahmet. â€Å"The basis and applications of the whole language approach to ELT.† Educational Sciences Series 62.1A (2010): 223-229. Print. Jones, Jeffrey M. Learning to read and whole language ideology. Web. Lamme, Linda Leonard and Cecilia Beckett. (1992). â€Å"Whole language in an elementary school library media center.† ERIC Digest. Web. LeDoux, Amanda. â€Å"Investigating the implementation of whole language: Strengths and weaknesses.† Online Submission (2007). ERIC. Web. Leyden, Jenny, Stackhouse, Joy and Marcin Szczerbinski. â€Å"Implementing a whole school approach to support speech, language and communication: Perceptions of key staff.† Child Language Teaching and Therapy 27.2 (2011): 203-222. Schwarzer, Da vid and Chris Luke. â€Å"Inquiry cycles in a whole language foreign language class: some theoretical and practical insights.† Texas Papers In Foreign Language Education 6.1 (2001): 83-99. Taylor, Monica, and Gennifer Otinsky. â€Å"Becoming whole language teachers and social justice agents: Pre-service teachers inquire with sixth graders.† International Journal of Progressive Education 3.2 (2007): 68-82. Taylor, Monica. Whole language teaching, whole-hearted practice: looking back, looking forward. New York: Peter Lang, 2007. This essay on The Whole Language Approach To Learning was written and submitted by user Brecken Phelps to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

GEOMETRY FUNDAMENTALS - UNIT 11 Essays (384 words) - Logic

GEOMETRY FUNDAMENTALS - UNIT 11 REVIEW GEOMETRY PROOFS ConclusionThe then clause in a conditional statement.ConditionalA statement formed from two statements by connecting them in the form if ______ , then ______ .ConjunctionA statement formed by combining two statements with the word and.ContrapositiveA statement formed by exchanging the hypothesis and conclusion and negating both of them.ConverseA statement formed by interchanging the hypothesis and the conclusion in a conditional statement.Deductive reasoningThe process of making a conclusion about a specific statement by supporting with general rules and principles.DisjunctionA statement formed by combining two statements with the word or.HypothesisThe if clause in a conditional statement.Indirect proofA proof of a theorem by indirect means.Inductive reasoningThe process of drawing a general conclusion based on specific examples.InverseA statement formed by negating both the hypothesis and the conclusion of a conditional statement.NegationIf p is a statement, the new statement, not p is called the negation of p.true-false statementA sentence that is either true or false but not both.Truth tableAn arrangement of truth values to determine when a statement is true or false.Two-column ProofA formal proof of a theorem composed of six standard parts. The normal method of an indirect proof is to follow the three steps outlined here.1 Assume the theorem you are proving is false.2 Reason from your assumed statement until you reach a contradiction of a known fact, theorem, or axiom. 3 Point out why the assumed statement must be incorrect and therefore the theorem must be true. The six parts of a two-column proof are listed in order: Statement: a full written statement of the theorem. Figure: a lettered figure drawn to illustrate the given conditions of the statement. Given: the given conditions of the statement expressed in terms of the letter and numerals used in the figure. To prove: the part of the statement that requires proof expressed in terms of the letters and numerals that are used in the figure. Plan of proof: a brief description of the plan you are going to use in the proof. Proof: the actual proof; a series of numbered statements in one column with a like-numbered column next to it for the reasons.

The History Behind the Invention of the Digital Camera

The History Behind the Invention of the Digital Camera The history of the digital camera dates back to the early 1950s. Digital camera technology is directly related to and evolved from the same technology that recorded  television  images. Digital Photography and the VTR In 1951, the first  video tape recorder  (VTR) captured live images from television cameras by converting the information into electrical impulses (digital) and saving the information onto magnetic tape. Bing Crosby laboratories (the research team funded by Crosby and headed by engineer  John Mullin) created the first early VTR and by 1956, VTR technology was perfected (the VR1000 invented by Charles P. Ginsburg and the Ampex Corporation) and in common use by the television industry. Both television/video cameras and digital cameras use a CCD (Charged Coupled Device) to sense light color and intensity. Digital Photography and Science During the 1960s, NASA converted from using analog to digital signals with their space probes to map the surface of the moon (sending digital images back to earth). Computer technology was also advancing at this time and NASA used computers to enhance the images that the space probes were sending. Digital imaging also had another government use at the time that being spy  satellites. Government use of digital technology helped advance the science of digital imaging, however, the private sector also made significant contributions. Texas Instruments patented a film-less electronic camera in 1972, the first to do so. In August 1981, Sony released the Sony Mavica electronic still camera, the camera which was the first commercial electronic camera. Images were recorded onto a mini disc and then put into a video reader that was connected to a television monitor or color printer. However, the early Mavica cannot be considered a true digital camera even though it started the digital camera revolution. It was a video camera that took video freeze-frames. Kodak Since the mid-1970s, Kodak has invented several solid-state image sensors that converted light to digital pictures for professional and home consumer use. In 1986, Kodak scientists invented the worlds first megapixel sensor, capable of recording 1.4 million pixels that could produce a 5x7-inch digital photo-quality print. In 1987, Kodak released seven products for recording, storing, manipulating, transmitting and printing electronic still video images. In 1990, Kodak developed the Photo CD system and proposed the first worldwide standard for defining color in the digital environment of computers and computer peripherals. In 1991, Kodak released the first professional digital camera system (DCS), aimed at photojournalists. It was a Nikon F-3 camera equipped by Kodak with a 1.3-megapixel sensor. Digital Cameras for Consumers The first digital cameras for the consumer-level market that worked with a home computer via a serial cable were the  Apple QuickTake 100 camera  (February 17 , 1994), the  Kodak DC40  camera (March 28, 1995), the Casio QV-11 (with LCD monitor, late 1995), and Sonys Cyber-Shot Digital Still Camera (1996). However, Kodak entered into an aggressive co-marketing campaign to promote the DC40 and to help introduce the idea of digital photography to the public. Kinkos and Microsoft both collaborated with Kodak to create digital image-making software workstations and kiosks which allowed customers to produce Photo CD Discs and ​photographs and add digital images to documents. IBM collaborated with Kodak in making an internet-based network image exchange. Hewlett-Packard was the first company to make color inkjet printers that complemented the new digital camera images. The marketing worked and today digital cameras are everywhere.

March of the Penguins The movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

March of the Penguins The - Movie Review Example This paper discusses the basic plot, similarities and differences, strength and weaknesses of the movie, followed by some lessons learned, and then the conclusion. An outline shows the structure of the arguments. Matthew Turner1 of The ViewLondon Review (2005) gives the basic plot of the movie thus - Directed by Frenchman Luc Jacquet and narrated (in the U.S version) by Morgan Freeman, the film . charts the annual cycle of the emperor penguins of Antarctica, beginning with their 70-mile march from the sea to their mating grounds. They walk in single file, often travelling on their bellies, enduring winds of up to 100 mph and sub-zero temperatures. When they finally reach the mating grounds, they undergo a series of elaborate mating rituals before pairing off into monogamous couples and mating. Once the egg is laid, the female penguins travel back to the sea, swimming and eating and having a great time while the males are left to hatch the eggs. After two months, the eggs hatch and the females return with food, at which point the males begin a trek to the sea and back in order to gather enough food to keep the penguin chicks alive. MEETING OF MALE PENGUINS at more normal times. Emperor penguins behave like a community. In the harsher times of winter, together they brave the storms of their environment. After the storms, it is the same. These are the fathers who take care of the eggs and nurture them to chicks and until the mothers come back. The mothers have gone back to sea to eat and would take them about two months to return.2 Photo credits: Yahoo MOTHER PENGUINS TRAVEL BACK TO SEA. After delivery, the mother penguins would entrust their eggs to the father penguins and would need to go back to sea to eat or else would die. The travel is not that easy as it takes them to coast ice glaciers of some distance. Most of the time, they travel by foot. When they get tired, they use their stomachs and slide by the ice glaciers.2 Photo credits: Yahoo Thesis. There are differences between human beings and penguins, but there are also similarities that echo much human experiences of love and loss. Penguins,3 however, are just birds and so should be assessed as birds and not something that should model for human beings. Similarities and differences. In March of the Penguins, the similarities and differences between man and penguin were clearly marked. The similarities mainly centered on rearing habits and mother instincts. Like human beings, penguins are warm-blooded vertebrate bipeds that reproduce sexually from male and female intercourse. They also rear their offspring to maturity as couples, very much reminiscent of domestic concerns (Greydanus 2006). This penguin concern extends to filial relationship and parent feelings for the offspring. The mother instinct in the movie is partially exemplified in the mother penguin trying to steal another's chick in an effort to replace her lost chick. It is hilarious in that in this episode, it is like the story of the two women fighting over a baby and judged by Solomon in the bible. Unlike human beings who resort to legal cases, the penguins band together to stop the stealing (Greydanus 2006). Not of the same

Case - Mohammed Vs. E&Z Electronics Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

- Mohammed Vs. E&Z Electronics - Case Study Example Argument Firstly, as Mohammed purchased a washing machine from E&Z Electronics, this means that the parties had a contract of sale between them. In a contract of sale, there are some conditions and warranties that may be express or implied. Express conditions and warranties are expressly and mutually agreed upon by the parties to the contract. Implied conditions and warranties are not expressly agreed upon by the parties but are applicable and have to be complied with because of operation of law or usage in business. It is worth noting that E&Z Electronics is a major distributor and reseller of L&G electronic products in Dubai. Therefore, it is very safe to assume that as the seller, E&Z Electronics was acting in the course of the business. S 14(2) of Sale of Goods Act, 1979 provides that, â€Å"Where the seller sells goods in the course of a business, there is an implied condition that the goods supplied under the contract are of merchantable quality...† Also, the defect in t he machine was not drawn to the attention to the attention of the buyer nor the buyer could have unveiled the defect through his examination of the machine. Therefore, there is a breach of condition by E&Z Electronics which gives the plaintiff a right to repudiate the contract. ... The defect in the washing machine was as latent to the plaintiff as the snail in the ginger beer bottle in Donoghue v Stevenson. Conclusion The plaintiff must be awarded damages for the injury and loss that he has suffered because of the negligence of E&Z Electronics and the manufacturer. Also, he must be given the right to treat the contract with E&Z Electronics as rescinded and receive his money back which was paid as the purchase price of the washing machine. 2 IN THE HIGH COURT FOR THE STATE OF LOUISIANA Case No. XXXX Mohammed, Petitioner, vs. E&Z Electronics and XXX (The Manufacturer) Respondents. Issue The issue is whether Mohammed is entitled to a compensation for his injuries and loss from E&Z Electronics and the manufacturer of the faulty washing machine and to a right to repudiate the contract. Facts The plaintiff, Mohammed, purchased a washing machine from one of the defendants, E&Z Electronics. The washing machine had a defective electrical switch due to which it malfunct ioned and resulted in significant bodily injuries and property damages to Mohammed. Reasoning There was a contract of sale between E&Z Electronics and there has been a breach of implied condition of merchantability because E&Z Electronics was acting in the course of business and it is reasonably expected of E&Z Electronics to know about such defects in the machinery that they deal with. It is a condition because it goes to the very root of the contract and its breach defeats the whole purpose of the contract. It would have been a warranty if it was just a term collateral to the contract. In this case, the washing machine had to be safely usable. Otherwise, there is no purpose of buying the washing machine. E&Z Electronics is also responsible for

Current event to American Politicis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current event to American Politicis - Essay Example At this current point in American history where the nation, for the first time ever, has a female speaker of the house and will probable witness Hilary Rodham Clinton as a serious contender for the 2008 Democratic Party's presidential nomination, the status of women in politics needs to be examined more closely. Engaging in precisely such an examination, Robin Toner suggests that, insofar as public political life is concerned, femininity is both an advantage and a disadvantage; an advantage because of its appeal to a wider political base and a disadvantage because of the persistency of gender stereotypes. Within the context of political life, women are advantaged by their gender. As Toner (2007) asserts, many female politicians promote a tough image even as they project a maternal one. The implication here is that they are capable of being as strong and as tough on the issues as are the male politicians but, have a better understanding of familial and societal values. Accordingly, they have it within them to both protect the country and look towards the future of its children.

The Bargaining Power Of Buyer

The Bargaining Power Of Buyer Fraser Neave holding Bhd. was incorporated at year 1883 when founders John Fraser and David Chalmers Neave formed a company named Singapore Straits Aerated Water Company in Singapore. Few years later, FN was consolidated and enter the food beverage industry. FN has its own vision to become the leading total beverage company in Malaysia and the region and their mission is to be a world-class multinational enterprise providing superior returns to their shareholders, excellent value for their customers and a rewarding career for their employees. FN Company is one of the Malaysia well known beverage company which the famous product is the isotonic drinks 100plus launched at year 1984. FN produce wide range of beverage that can be classified as soft drinks, dairies, non-carbonated beverages as well as separate business property. They were launching the sweetened condensed filled milk in year 1973, and the acquisition of Nestlà ©s canned milk business in Thailand and Malaysia in year 2007. Other than that FN high quality canned milk was also gain excellent reputation in Malaysia. This product is largely use as beverage mixers in coffee, tea and chocolate drinks and now canned milk has successfully to export this product to more than 20 countries around the world. In addition, the halal certification offers strong reassurance to Muslim customers in the growing Halal markets in the Middle East and Africa. FN Company was awarded The Readers Digest Trusted Brand from year 2005 to 2008, Media Magazine Top 1000 Asian Brands 2007 and so on. It proves that their customer was confident when using their products since they are concern about their health and safety quality. FN Company was continuously improve their quality and brands to challenges the marketplace and to become the leader. FN Company is also well-known company that caring about the social environment and working environment. They implemented and executed various environmental stewardship and launched numerous recycling campaigns in schools to inculcate good environmental habits among young people and thus, create awareness on the importance of recycling. FN Company also set-up a RM1.2 million funds named Chairmans Award to promote educational excellence and to recognize high-achievers among children of FN Groups employees. FN Company has achieved a safety record of zero accident (no loss time accident) accumulated from 1 February 2007 to 21 September 2009 with a total 962 days or 2.3 million working hours. In terms of its environmental compliance incident and achieved zero environmental compliance status. FN Company has three main businesses which are soft drinks, dairy products and property. Soft Drink FN Beverages Marketing Sdn Bhd represent Malaysias largest soft drinks manufacturer and distributor. There are four manufacturing plants nationwide, including its state of the art facility at its headquarters in Shah Alam, Selangor. Their products are 100PLUS, FN Fun Flavours, FN Originals, SEASONS, Ice Mountain and Fruit Tree. The company started operations in 1936 when FN Ltd obtained the franchise of Coca-Cola in Singapore and Malaysia. After that FN Coca-Cola (M) Sdn Bhd (FNCC) was born and license agreement would end in September 2011, the company renamed as FNBM. In Malaysia, 100PLUS is a outstanding local success story, cover 90 percent share of the isotonic drinks market and also the No.1 ready to drink (RTD) brand in Malaysia. For non-carbonated portfolio, SEASONS is currently No.2 in Asian drinks category while Fruit Tree continue to grow within the juice segment. The soft drinks division perform well during the festive periods and continue to pursue world class excellence in distribution so that the products are readily available with focus on market execution. Over the years, FNBM has used few strategic measures that emphasize on its brand presence by invested in advertising and promotions, product availability and operational efficiency. In April 2010, FNBM was selected to become exclusive distributor of Red Bull energy drinks in Malaysia and has improved FNBMs beverage portfolio. Dairies Products Next business is dairy products. FN Dairies (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd has produced varity such as sweetened condensed milk, evaporated milk, pasteurised milk, UHT milk, juice and ice cream. FNs dairy business had a joint venture with Beautrice Foods of Chicago, USA in 1959 with the construction of Southeast Asias first sweetened condensed milk plant in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. The Carnation Company from US joined the partnership in 1965 to form Premier Milk as the manufacturing arm. The Group constantly seeks product innovation and invention, more products adding into portfolio and after that the Group had a successful journey into ice cream business. In 1989, the Group purchased the interests of Beatrice Foods and restructured its dairy operations under FN Dairies (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd. It was expanded further with the acquisition of Magnolia in 1995. In 1998, the Group started its pasteurised business. Today, FNs dairies division has a vision of being Malaysias leading dairy and food marketer with world class products, standards and capabilities forming part and parcel of its offerings. In 2011, FN Dairies (Malaysia) disposed off its entire ice cream business to FN Creameries (M) Sdn Bhd. Property About the property business, FN Properties is a business unit of Fraser Neave Holdings Berhad, the purpose is to unlock the value of land acquired and held by the company. The first property is the former FN factory land at Jalan Foss, has been developed into commercial spot called Fraser Business Park. The development follows the general direction of Fraser Neaves underlying philosophy of a socially responsible corporate citizen. Key value lies within the emphasis of continuously creating innovative designs and applications towards the development, giving its occupants a taste of the modern and the future alike. More is expected from future property launches as the unit break new ground with innovative design and product development that focus on feature that are particular to the FN brand name. In future, the property division will emphasize on changing existing Premier Milk plant into a landmark in Petaling Jaya. The redevelopment is estimated 5 to 8 years period. PEST Mission: To be a world-class multinational enterprise providing superior returns to our shareholders, excellent value for our customers and a rewarding career for our employees. Vision: To become the leading total beverage company in Malaysia and the region. Every company has their mission and vision statement served as overall purpose of business. The mission and vision statement above are set by FN. There are external environmental issues have or will affect FN to achieve their mission. These external environmental issues are being categorized according to PEST(EL) model. PEST(EL) model is to analyze the external environment issues of company. It categorized environment issues into political, economic, social, technological, ecological and legal influences. Economic Improving growth prospect of Malaysia, Thailand and the region brings more income to FN as is signals economy are in good condition and peoples are willing to spend hence will increase sales in that particular region. The growth prospects include rising of Malaysia GDP in year 2010 that is approximately 10% compare to 4.5% in 2009 that rise from some major factor of manufacturing industry production with a double digit growth of 16.9% in year 2010. ASEAN countries are growing quick in their economy thus putting FN a favourable factor in growing of profits. FN has built up positive consumer sentiment to their product. For example 100PLUS, isotonic drink that is specialized for sportsmen to retain the metabolism. It is a concept well-built that it is voted number 1 isotonic drinks in Malaysia since its introduction in 1983. That well-built positive sentiment brings others drinks of FN to be well marketable. It is the consumer sentiment to the products enhanced the profitability factor of FN towards other competitor thus is at an advantage in the market. Political Government had put initiative to boost spending of consumer with new economic model (NEM), with this model being pursue, Malaysia economic boost as consumer purchasing power increases and are advised to spend. FN will get benefit by provide goods to be sold to the market hence boosting sales. FN products are all Halal hence are entitled for Halal Hub Tax Incentive. The incentive offered had decreased FN some percentage of tax liability to the government. It made FN more profitable compare to those companies which does not qualified for the incentive. Government has taken back some incentive in year 2009, the withdrawal of subsidy of fuel and sugar has put an impact to FN as most of the FN core businesses needed large amount of sugar which is dairies and soft drink business. The withdrawal of sugar subsidy lower the overall profit of the FN although there is a large improve a sales but the profit doesnt show much improvement as the sugar cost increases. Withdrawals of fuel subsidy did also impact on FN as the cost of their internal and external distribution cost increases thus reduces profit. Technological In the beginning of 2011, FN introduced new product, Ice Mountain and it has faster share gain among bottler waters player which established 5% market share in Malaysia. FN launched new beverage Zesta across Malaysia in October 2011.Zesta has remarkably great tasting berry soda flavored soda. It contents the Guarana tropical berries that originate from Amazon, South America. In addition, Guarana tropical berries invigorate the body and mind. Zesta is an extension of our already large array of FN beverages, a beverage that was initiated to complement our existing range of FN brands, creating a transition vehicle for our growing band of consumers, said Dato Ng Jui Sia, CEO of Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd. FN believes that Zesta is the illustration of growing trends for beverage enhanced soda. (Zesta 2011) Environmental Sichuan Earthquake of May 2008 has caused the raw material cost increase and companys profit is affected. Natural disaster is beyond expectation and control of the company. Profit before interest and tax in 2008 grew only 5%. This environmental factor has affected company to achieve their mission. Natural disaster would serve as obstacle that FN provide superior returns to shareholders. Porters 5 forces Today, Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd (FN) has extended business at more than 20 countries worldwide and established itself as a regional player. So that, FN need use Porters five forces model to analysis and understanding the nature of the competitive environment. FN has a lot of benefits from using Porters five forces model. They can ensure that management considers a wide range of potential impacts when devising strategy. They allow the division of the work in environmental analysis and make decision in time. In addition, Porters five forces also help to develop effective strategies to raise FN profitability, power, and competitive position in an industry. Porters five forces is divided into threat of entry, intensity of competitive rivalry, threat of substitute product, bargaining power of buyer and bargaining power of suppliers. Threat of entry Threat of entry is new entrants into market will bring extra capacity and intensify competition. The strength of the threat from new entrants will depend upon the strength of the barriers to entry and the likely response of existing competition to a new entrant. FN produce two new soft drink FN Clearly Citrus and Zesta were launched in soft drink market at year 2011. Zesta and FN Clearly Citrus are getting customer support and the new produces also have a higher demand from the buyer. Zesta sales would create other competitor have entered the soda market, it will be posted a threat for the FN affect the market sales. Therefore, FN should defensively competitor who are entered the soda market to creating barriers that new entrants to the market find difficult to overcome. This can ensure the Zesta sales would not affect and ensure the maximize shareholders wealth. FN able to occupy in the Malaysia soda market a very important role. Bargaining power of supplier Bargaining power of suppliers definition with the stronger power of suppliers in an industry the more difficult it is for firms within that sector to make a profit. It is because suppliers can determine the terms and conditions on which business is conducted. Most of the products are contented sugar, sugar is essential for production. Malaysian Government has removed sugar subsidies on selective basis and subsidy for Dairies Malaysia was removed. Increased of sugar cost and global commodity cost forced price of Sweetened Condensed Milk increased by 25%. However, sugar subsidy was removed on selective basis which means FN can look for suppliers whose sugar subsidies werent removed. In addition, competitors will also search for new suppliers and it may not easy to reduce cost as low as before. Apart from that, FN may have to concern about any switching cost for current suppliers. Bargaining power of buyer Bargaining power of buyer sense of the powerful buyer can force price cuts and quality improvement. The government removed sugar subsidy, FN material cost increased and affected the product selling price increased. In 2011, Sweetened Condensed Milk has increased 25% of the price which cause the demand reduced. Revenue and profit was decline during the year. Buyers also have full information about the soft drink and dairy product market. They should know which company product cheaper, more health and best quality. FN need to retain the customer by improving product quality and introduce new product. Buyers always have different choice for their beverage and dairy product. Apart from that, same type of competitors product will be display nearby companys products. For example, Jusco will be placing same type of products together which allowed buyers to search easily. There is low switching cost for buyers. Beside, degree of product differentiation is low which customer may feel all bran ds are similar. This threat is more difficult to control, because FN management need to concentrate on changing buyers preference and also maximize the shareholders wealth. Threat of substitute product Porters 5 forces have indicated that the threat of substitute product is the other firms within the industry has offers similar product with similar benefits for the customer. This threat may affects the competitive environment of the company and influence our ability to achieve profitability. On FN Magnolia have offers Pasteurised Milk and Sterilised Milk. The range of the customers is children and adults. The Pasteurised Fresh Milk can be enjoyed chilled or warm, plain or mixed with other foods or beverages and they innovate into Lo-Fat Hi-Cal Milk provide less fat and more healthier of the Fresh Milk for our body. However, Marigold has offers HL Milk is low-fat milk No.1 in Malaysia. HL Milk has perfect balance of nutrients for everyone in the family and it consists high in calcium and protein, low in fat and lactose and fortified with 9 essential vitamins to supplement healthier lifestyle. Marigold HL Milk is first choice for the customers who are caring health conscious. FN should innovation their milk product provide more healthy to attract or retain consumer choices. Another competitor is Dutch Lady has provided a Dutch Lady Milk powder for satisfy customer needs who want mix it with other coffee or tea favour and it has a rich and creamy taste and allowed to dilute in hot or cold water easily. Furthermore, Dutch Lady also has provided different formulations to cater to children of different ages to promote their brain development and healthy growth. Therefore, most of the mother would choose Dutch Lady Milk products of their children rather than choose FN milk products. FN SEASONS offers soft drink products are leaders in countrys most comprehensive range of consumer, catering to every occasion. The Soya range provides protein nourishment while the Chrysanthemum and Grass Jelly provides healthier refreshment with less sugar let FN SEASONS become best quality and healthy drinks. However, they are having lesser favors for the customer choose. YEOS have more favors, such as Lychee drink, Sugarcane drink, Bandung Rose drink, coconut juice, soursop drink and guava drink for the customer to choice. Hence, consumers who are Sugarcane drink lover may change its option to YEOS products. Although there are many competitors for isotonic drink, 100Plus still able to gain over 88% of the market share. Company has done a lot promotion for 100Plus which the reason 100Plus is successfully gain more than half of the market share. (Annual Report 2010) Intensity of competitive rivalry Intensity of competitive rivalry among competitors in the industry strives to companies to gain competitive advantage over the rivals and drives the profit of the rivals firm to zero. The company can gains the competitive advantage by several ways, such as pricing policy, improving the products differentiation with other and exploiting relationships with suppliers. If can gain more competitive advantage over competitors can increase the profitability of the company. FN only provided soft drink products and dairy products, appears less competitive advantage compare with others. Nowadays, people more have health conscious when they buying products may choice to buy the products which consists more nutrition. In food and beverage industry also have many company has provide more diet product to satisfied the requirements of the different customers. Dutch Lady Low Fat Yoghurt is a healthy snack and it will enhance the absorption of nutrients, ensuring digestive system stays healthy. It contains Vitamin A, C and E, calcium and Active Live Cultures. In Addition, the Marigold have offer the Yogurt and cultured milk Vitagen which have consists nutrition products for the body. The Vitagen has billions of live probiotic cultures to helps maintain a healthy digestive system. Probiotic cultures in VITAGEN can withstand bile and acidic stomach juices and reach the intestines alive to fight harmful bacteria in the intestines. Furthermore, the Yoghurt contains live and active cultures help digestion and promote a healthy digestive system and calcium for the development of strong bones and teeth. Marigold also has offers Jelly is a great-tasting double-layered jelly that is filled with fresh fruits. Its cool and refreshing taste makes it great for everyone in the family and contains no preservatives and is a healthy alternative to fruits after a hearty meal. This makes Marigold become Malaysias first and only pasteurised Jelly. This all is key reasons that the consumer may change favors to this type of products. To gain competitive advantage, FN should provide more nutrition products for the customers have more choose. Porters national competitive advantage diamond Porters diamond model suggests that there are inherent reasons why some nations and industries within nations are more competitive than others on a global scale. The argument is that the national home base of an organisation provides organisations with specific factors which will potentially create competitive advantages on a global scale. (Michael Porter 1990) Porters diamond model consist of four conditions of national advantage which are factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries and firm strategy, structure and rivalry. Factor conditions Factor condition is about important elements that exist in a company which lead to national competitive advantage. It can be country specific or industry specific. FN Dairies had constructed plant in Pulau Indah costs RM350 million and will be completed within the second half of 2011. The new plant promotes cutting edge green technology which would have huge gains in water, energy and environmental conservation. With existence of this plant, FN Dairies could be on the top list of worlds largest producers of canned milk. (Annual Report 2011 pg 41) An increase in production line is an advantage of the company. FN had launched a new RM45 million polyethylene terephthalate (PET) monoblock production line which is the first in Asia Pacific. This able to done all the things in only one production line, for example blow bottles, fill and pack all carbonate soft drinks products. (Annual Report 2010 pg 32) FN has the latest innovation and technology that bring advantages to them. With this latest technology, FN can enhance its operations by continuing improve production lines. FN can produce more products in effective and efficient way. In addition, the new machineries increase as the production lines increases. The warehouse management system has implemented to make operation work run smoothly. Besides, the introduction of new sales forecasting tools helps in manufacturing, if sales forecast is low, the manufacturer will produce less stock. Supply chain act as an important role in a business. Without supply, production would not be carried out. Improvement in supply chain lead to high efficiency of production and logistic by upgrade the systems. FN introduce higher level of operational automation and inventory management to ensure the manufacturing process has no error. Besides, the product quality management has to make sure that the products are in acceptable quality and safety measures are enhanced in order the product would not harm people. Demand conditions Secondly, the demand conditions state that if the local market for a product is larger and more demanding at home than in foreign markets, local firms potentially put more emphasis on improvements than foreign companies. This will potentially increase the global competitiveness of local exporting companies. FN non-carbonated portfolio has slightly increased from 25.4 per cent to 28 per cent in soft drinks business. This represent there is a growing demand for drinks. During the year, FN included fruit teas and juices to its range of soft drinks, and launch new drink called Zesta recently catering consumers of this segment. The ability to innovate, differentiate and manufacture new product lines will bring advantages such as gain more market share. (Zesta 2011) FN Fruit Tree released five new flavours in bottle form which are orange, apple, lychee, blackcurrant and mango. As the demand increases, Fruit Tree has becoming one of the fastest growing categories in Malaysia. The new flavours are the extension to the Fruit Tree cans range and the research shows that consumer preference toward these flavours compared to other brand in the market. (Annual Report 2010 pg 36) FN Holding Berhad has built a new warehouse in Kuching which triple larger than previous warehouse capacity to improve the quality of service and make sure delivery to customers is on time. Furthermore, it utilised advanced warehousing technology such as high selective racking, super flat flooring and Very Narrow Aisleway (VNA) trucks. Related and supporting industries Thirdly, the related and supporting industries mean that when local supporting industries and suppliers are competitive, home country companies will potentially get more cost efficient and receive more innovative products. In February 2010, 100PLUS signed a partnership agreement with AirAsia Berhad, officially sell 100PLUS on AirAsia flights which depart from Malaysia. AirAsia Berhad is a Malaysia top airlines company, being a partner of AirAsia Berhad has a real competitive advantage for FN. This agreement is a big step for division to extend business offshore. Passenger dehydration happened frequently in air travel, with 100PLUS the passenger can get over the dehydration. Support from AirAsia is like an advertisement effect, whenever there is a flight, there is an appearance of 100PLUS. (Annual Report 2010 pg 038) Firm strategy, structure and rivalry Structure and management system can affect competitiveness. FN is running beverage and dairies business in addition to food business too. FN buy 23.08 per cent share in Cocoaland Holdings Berhad. Cocoaland is a major snack food manufacturer in Malaysia. FN is diversifying the business risk to various subsidiaries. FN develop the food business to supplement beverage and dairies business. As the Malaysia grow into high income economy country, the consumption of middle income will increase and food business will be benefited. GE model 3 portfolio business Property Dairy product Soft drink GE business matrix Industry Attractiveness- Economic Factor Business Strength- Brand Strength High Medium Low High Investment/ Growth Soft drinkSelective Growth Selectivity Medium Dairy productSelective Growth Selectivity Harvest/Divest Low Selectivity Property businessHarvest/Divest Harvest/Divest FNs business has divided into 3 portfolio and that are Soft Drinks, Dairy Products and Properties. First of all, we will use the environmental factor and brand strength as the industry attractiveness factors and business factors benchmark. Soft Drinks FNs core soft drinks business portfolio will be classified at the classes of selective growth. The company soft drinks 100plus and Zesta are popular in Malaysia and have helped the company in bringing certain level of stable income.100plus as the companys core product have promoting an active lifestyle and healthy living to consumer. Many events have been run to promote 100plus as it is isotonic drink of choice at major sporting events. 100plus is present at top sports events such as Piala Malaysia Final 2011 100plus Tunku Abdul Razak Cup, KL Marathon 2011 and so on to continue building prestigious images of 100plus to consumers. Profit of division has been growing from year 2007 to 2011. However, sugar subsidy withdrawn by Malaysian Government has major impact on price of sugar. The division has lesser growth rate for year 2011. In addition, global commodity cost has increased which is unfavorable economic factor. Soft Drink division has very high brand strength but economic factors are not really favourable to the division. Dairy Products FNs dairy products will be classified at the classes of selectivity. Companys dairy products have included sweetened condensed milk, evaporated milk, pasteurised milk, UHT milk, juices and ice cream. Dairy Products also suffered from withdrawal of sugar subsidy and global commodity price increased in 2011. FNs dairy products business has classified at selectivity, with medium level of attractiveness and medium business strength on the dairy products. Although the product Milo is popular in Malaysia, Milo is not owned by FN, it was franchised. This product reduces business strength as it is not the only major player in the market. The dairy products will seem less attractive to the investors to consider investing because the deliberate of the milk market is very costly. In addition, the cost for hire workers and the cost to obtain technology for producing the dairy products are costly for subsequent production of dairy products. Moreover, the dairy products license also difficult to be approved by the government. New entrant will find difficult to entry, because the market has been controlled and played by a few major competitors. New entrant will find difficulty to enter to the market as these factors created entry barriers. Properties FNs property business had generated more revenue in year 2007 compared to the year 2006 by 6%. Revenue for the year 2008 had declined by 24% compare to year 2007. FNs property business has classified at selectivity with high level of attractiveness and low business strength. The company is more concentrated in the soft drink products and has no initiative to promote companys property to the public, not many people knows that FN has already entered into properties. FNs property business is non comparable with beverage business that seems to be so successful and FNs property business strength is low in this industry. The property business that has high profitability in the industry will attract more investors to invest. The government encourage removing of old building and build more new business park in order to bring in more prosperity to our country. Moreover, our property business is at growth stage because it is newly introduced into the industry, hence it does not have strong bus iness strength on the property business. Ratio analysis and Key performance Indicators Revenue of continuing operation continues to grow from 2009 to 2010 by 11.2% and 2010 to 2011 7.6%. In 2010, the revenue is able to grow better than 2011 due to improved economic conditions. Malaysia Government has introduced New Economic Model 2010 helps to boost spending in Malaysia. Profit before interest and tax growth rate also decline from 2010 to 2011, 31% to 14%. The result was affected because of particular division wasnt doing well in 2011. Soft Drink Soft Drink division has current ratio of 1.77 and 1.99 for year 2010 and 2011. It indicated improvement in managing assets and liabilities. The growth momentum of soft drink division has continued. The division has been doing well over the years. It contributes the largest profit to FN. In 2010, the soft drink division was able to generate revenue 21% more compared to last year. Soft drink was delivering higher volume especially during festive periods such as Chinese New Year. In addition, sales volume of 100Plus Seasons have grew more than 20% and reflected strong consumption and growing popularity of the brands. 100Plus generated over 88% of market share in isotonic category and Seasons generated 27% market share of Asian drink category. While Badminton competition Thomas Cup was around, 100PLUS Thomas Cup 1 Million Support Campaign was held for Malaysian to show their support for Malaysian badminton team. Apart from that, the division served as distributor of Red Bull energy drinks in Malaysia and commenced from 1 April 2010. Soft drink volume was able to benefit from Red Bull which contributed 2.2% helps to improve the divisions beverage portfolio. (Annual Report 2010) Soft drink division grew only 16% from 2010 to 2011. The growth rate is eroded due to the reason of Malaysian government has withdrawn the subsidy of sugar and fuel. Therefore, raw material cost has increased and causes the profit margin diminished. Coca-Cola business exits the FN in September 2011 which also the reason of profit margin diminished. However, 100Plus and Seasons still generated volume growth 10% and 14% to benefits the division. 100Plus and Seasons are the leading brands in the division and continue to enhance the divisions beverage portfolio. 100Plus was being promoted continuously as 100PLUS New Thematic Launch in July 2011. Beside, FN SEASONS Nourishing You Malaysia National Consumer Contest held between March and April 2011 to create consum

Online Shopping

Since the rise and popularization of internet, many websites provide a platform for purchasing things online. These store Apps are designed to assist the user in purchasing the things online while sitting at home and viewing a variety of products. Product categories that are typically targeted by such applications include products from every field of life. Our application will incorporate the effort of common people who have organic farming or the talent of making 100% organic things. The application will provide a platform to the sellers to sell their products with their own identity and price the products accordingly. Our designed platform will help the customers to buy the organic product regarding many fields of life. We will also deal in herbs and a wide range of herbal products will also be sold. Both seller and buyer would be able to communicate with each other using our platform. IntroductionIn history agriculture was done without the use of chemicals but now a day a huge amount of different type of chemicals are used in agriculture to grow things faster. It is causing harm to the environment. With increasing urbanization and modernization there has been an increase in prevalence of using inorganic products that contain harmful material and have several bad effects with some benefits as well. Globally, around 23% of adults aged 18 and over were not active enough in 2015 (men 20% and women 27%) due to inorganic farming. Inorganic farming is a key risk factor for most of the diseases now a day such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes and many more. Globally, 1 in 4 adults is the patient of multiple serious diseases. Considering the public health implications it is essential to promote Organic Farming in context of an individual's health and environment. The emerging popularity of Online shopping Apps has presented an interesting challenge to mobile application developers. Applications like these have the potential to motivate its users in saving time and money and breaking a trend of taking out time to go to market and waste so much time to look for product.With the help of our application we will target the common people effort and hard work. The feature that distinguishes our application from others is our target that is common people selling all products made of completely from organic thing not a single amount of chemical is added. We will describe the design, development, and evaluation of an app that will help people to buy products that are made of 100% organic things and of herbs. The common people hard work is targeted and has given a platform where they will buy and sell the organic products and easily get rid of many diseases. This chapter describes the background, problem definition, purpose, goals, scope, methodology and the limitations of this project.BACKGROUNDInorganic and chemically formulated products are significant public health problems worldwide with serious health consequences. Globally, 1 in 4 adults is not active enough due to many diseases. More than 80% of the Pakistan's population is insufficiently physically well. Moreover, Research approves that the causes of many new diseases is this Inorganic farming. But there are some people who work hard in organic farming and make 100% organic things but they don't have any specific platform to bring their talent in-front of the world. This creates a need of online shopping website that will help users to display their products so that the people who want to buy fully organic products could buy from here. Similarly it allows people to buy different products made organic things and herbs regarding different field of life. Moreover, people who don't know how to make organic things at home would be easily able to buy their required products with complete assurance of the products to be organic. Motivation and ScopeThe main motivation of this project is to provide a platform to both sellers and buyers to provide access to homemade things of several different kinds at one place of sellers to sell and buyers to buy.PROJECT SCOPEThe application will be designed to serve in all over Pakistan. Everyone can get benefit from our website irrespective of age and gender.Login- Only the authorized users will be able to access the system through proper log in.Product Category and Items- The admin will add organic items and herbs categories to the system. The seller will add different products to the selected category. The same information could be updated and deleted.View details- The buyer will be a ble to view details of the selected item.Shopping cart- The buyer will place order for more than 1 item and add this information to the cart. The buyer will also be able to modify the information in the shopping cart.Online shopping- The system will allow the user to place order for the selected items regarding his need.Cost calculation and payment- The system will calculate total cost of the item placed in the cart and provide payment options.Seller Profile- This module will allow the user to be registered as seller and will display their products on the platform given by using their own identity.Buyer Profile- This module will allow the user to be registered as a buyer and can view different items uploaded on the website and avail the opportunity of getting different offers and they don't need to give their complete information every time while placing order it would be stored in the system.Feedback- The system will allow the buyer to give their response about the product that the y have used. But only this option will be given to those who have purchased that particular item from the website. There will be no fake feedback.Search- It will be easy for the customer to search the products based on his interest. The search will be done on different categories like seller name, category, price etcRelated Work1.ConaturalSourcing solely the best and most strong ingredients, they select minerals from the Dead Sea, the best plant biological sciences and essential oils and also the highest quality botanical actives to formulate the merchandise. They apprehend that the simplest skin and hair care merchandise square measure made up of minimally processed botanicals: organic or responsibly wild crafted, pure, raw, live, unrefined, and handled fastidiously to not diminish their efficiency. Advantages:-i. They provide organic products in one category i.e. hair and skin care organic products.ii. They provide advice regarding problems of hair and skin. Disadvantages:-i. The range of products available is limited.ii. The products are not 100% organic. And also not products only related to organic is been given. 2. PansariPANSARI on-line store was planned when an exploration and realization that however seasonal medication is vital and the way will we tend to connect back to the current kind of pharmacy that is distant currently. This heritage has virtually been lost and up to date pharmacy took over and folks most well-liked choosing speedy results instead of set their malady during a correct manner and some way that isn't harmful in any suggests that. Nature has most future for North American nation which may profit North American nation in marvelous ways that. Nothing during this universe is while not a value, and this can be what PANSARI is functioning at, to supply quality herbs and remedies to match your needs. Advantages:They provide herbal and related products.They help user to buy multiple things like food supplements, honey, dry fruits and Arq.They also provide Hakim online where people could contact with them.Disadvantages:They provide multiple things that also contain some amount of chemical in them like in supplements and beauty products. That means not 100% organic.A huge variety of things made from organic farming related every field of life is not present.  Organic JiyoOrganic Jiyo was supported to get an easy resolution to a true problem: obtaining reliable organic merchandise was too exhausting and too valuable for thus several in Pakistan; these merchandise weren't without delay offered in grocery stores. Advantages:They provide beauty, grocery, dairy and salads and herbs products.They provide different offers and recipes regarding these products.Disadvantages:The product they provide is not 100% organic.They only work in Lahore.Deals in limited amount of product.  OrganicshopinOrganic Shop is India's largest on-line merchant of organics and natural merchandise. With a baton of over 220 trustworthy organic brands in Asian nation like right down to Earth, Organic Asian nation, Rustic Art, does one Speak inexperienced, seasonal Hills and plenty of additional certified organic and natural brands. Organic look has the simplest assortment of organic, natural, seasonal and ayurvedic merchandise in Asian nation. Advantages:They provide a wide range of organic items related every field of life.Different sorts of offers are also given on itemsDisadvantages:The product present are sold by the brands own name not by the seller's name who have done the hard work to make those product.They only work in India.It cannot be called only organic store different other things like bed sheets, gels, towels, clothes and etc.It is a sort of general store.Goals and objectivesOur goal is to help everyone in recognizing their talent in the field of organic products and to reduce diseases from society. Our target people are those who are looking to perform better in their daily life and to earn some money by having an appropriate platform. This project is about the goodwill of the people. The more people benefit from this project, the more we feel achieved and honoured.? To develop the attention in the organic and herbal products.? To motivate the interest of people who can make herbal and organic products by their knowledge and can easily start getting income from it by staying at home.? To facilitate a connection between seller and buyer directly. We plan to move this project on large scale outside the Pakistan that means world-wide every-one would be able to avail the opportunity of buying 100% organic products and paying in their currencyWe will manage to arrange Hakeem, Doctors and Nutritionist so that people could consult them online. In this way, the tradition of inorganic farming will be replaced by organic farming using modern tools integrated with computation and networking. Online Shopping Since the rise and popularization of internet, many websites provide a platform for purchasing things online. These store Apps are designed to assist the user in purchasing the things online while sitting at home and viewing a variety of products. Product categories that are typically targeted by such applications include products from every field of life. Our application will incorporate the effort of common people who have organic farming or the talent of making 100% organic things. The application will provide a platform to the sellers to sell their products with their own identity and price the products accordingly. Our designed platform will help the customers to buy the organic product regarding many fields of life. We will also deal in herbs and a wide range of herbal products will also be sold. Both seller and buyer would be able to communicate with each other using our platform. IntroductionIn history agriculture was done without the use of chemicals but now a day a huge amount of different type of chemicals are used in agriculture to grow things faster. It is causing harm to the environment. With increasing urbanization and modernization there has been an increase in prevalence of using inorganic products that contain harmful material and have several bad effects with some benefits as well. Globally, around 23% of adults aged 18 and over were not active enough in 2015 (men 20% and women 27%) due to inorganic farming. Inorganic farming is a key risk factor for most of the diseases now a day such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes and many more. Globally, 1 in 4 adults is the patient of multiple serious diseases. Considering the public health implications it is essential to promote Organic Farming in context of an individual's health and environment. The emerging popularity of Online shopping Apps has presented an interesting challenge to mobile application developers. Applications like these have the potential to motivate its users in saving time and money and breaking a trend of taking out time to go to market and waste so much time to look for product.With the help of our application we will target the common people effort and hard work. The feature that distinguishes our application from others is our target that is common people selling all products made of completely from organic thing not a single amount of chemical is added. We will describe the design, development, and evaluation of an app that will help people to buy products that are made of 100% organic things and of herbs. The common people hard work is targeted and has given a platform where they will buy and sell the organic products and easily get rid of many diseases. This chapter describes the background, problem definition, purpose, goals, scope, methodology and the limitations of this project.BACKGROUNDInorganic and chemically formulated products are significant public health problems worldwide with serious health consequences. Globally, 1 in 4 adults is not active enough due to many diseases. More than 80% of the Pakistan's population is insufficiently physically well. Moreover, Research approves that the causes of many new diseases is this Inorganic farming. But there are some people who work hard in organic farming and make 100% organic things but they don't have any specific platform to bring their talent in-front of the world. This creates a need of online shopping website that will help users to display their products so that the people who want to buy fully organic products could buy from here. Similarly it allows people to buy different products made organic things and herbs regarding different field of life. Moreover, people who don't know how to make organic things at home would be easily able to buy their required products with complete assurance of the products to be organic. Motivation and ScopeThe main motivation of this project is to provide a platform to both sellers and buyers to provide access to homemade things of several different kinds at one place of sellers to sell and buyers to buy.PROJECT SCOPEThe application will be designed to serve in all over Pakistan. Everyone can get benefit from our website irrespective of age and gender.Login- Only the authorized users will be able to access the system through proper log in.Product Category and Items- The admin will add organic items and herbs categories to the system. The seller will add different products to the selected category. The same information could be updated and deleted.View details- The buyer will be a ble to view details of the selected item.Shopping cart- The buyer will place order for more than 1 item and add this information to the cart. The buyer will also be able to modify the information in the shopping cart.Online shopping- The system will allow the user to place order for the selected items regarding his need.Cost calculation and payment- The system will calculate total cost of the item placed in the cart and provide payment options.Seller Profile- This module will allow the user to be registered as seller and will display their products on the platform given by using their own identity.Buyer Profile- This module will allow the user to be registered as a buyer and can view different items uploaded on the website and avail the opportunity of getting different offers and they don't need to give their complete information every time while placing order it would be stored in the system.Feedback- The system will allow the buyer to give their response about the product that the y have used. But only this option will be given to those who have purchased that particular item from the website. There will be no fake feedback.Search- It will be easy for the customer to search the products based on his interest. The search will be done on different categories like seller name, category, price etcRelated Work1.ConaturalSourcing solely the best and most strong ingredients, they select minerals from the Dead Sea, the best plant biological sciences and essential oils and also the highest quality botanical actives to formulate the merchandise. They apprehend that the simplest skin and hair care merchandise square measure made up of minimally processed botanicals: organic or responsibly wild crafted, pure, raw, live, unrefined, and handled fastidiously to not diminish their efficiency. Advantages:-i. They provide organic products in one category i.e. hair and skin care organic products.ii. They provide advice regarding problems of hair and skin. Disadvantages:-i. The range of products available is limited.ii. The products are not 100% organic. And also not products only related to organic is been given. 2. PansariPANSARI on-line store was planned when an exploration and realization that however seasonal medication is vital and the way will we tend to connect back to the current kind of pharmacy that is distant currently. This heritage has virtually been lost and up to date pharmacy took over and folks most well-liked choosing speedy results instead of set their malady during a correct manner and some way that isn't harmful in any suggests that. Nature has most future for North American nation which may profit North American nation in marvelous ways that. Nothing during this universe is while not a value, and this can be what PANSARI is functioning at, to supply quality herbs and remedies to match your needs. Advantages:They provide herbal and related products.They help user to buy multiple things like food supplements, honey, dry fruits and Arq.They also provide Hakim online where people could contact with them.Disadvantages:They provide multiple things that also contain some amount of chemical in them like in supplements and beauty products. That means not 100% organic.A huge variety of things made from organic farming related every field of life is not present.  Organic JiyoOrganic Jiyo was supported to get an easy resolution to a true problem: obtaining reliable organic merchandise was too exhausting and too valuable for thus several in Pakistan; these merchandise weren't without delay offered in grocery stores. Advantages:They provide beauty, grocery, dairy and salads and herbs products.They provide different offers and recipes regarding these products.Disadvantages:The product they provide is not 100% organic.They only work in Lahore.Deals in limited amount of product.  OrganicshopinOrganic Shop is India's largest on-line merchant of organics and natural merchandise. With a baton of over 220 trustworthy organic brands in Asian nation like right down to Earth, Organic Asian nation, Rustic Art, does one Speak inexperienced, seasonal Hills and plenty of additional certified organic and natural brands. Organic look has the simplest assortment of organic, natural, seasonal and ayurvedic merchandise in Asian nation. Advantages:They provide a wide range of organic items related every field of life.Different sorts of offers are also given on itemsDisadvantages:The product present are sold by the brands own name not by the seller's name who have done the hard work to make those product.They only work in India.It cannot be called only organic store different other things like bed sheets, gels, towels, clothes and etc.It is a sort of general store.Goals and objectivesOur goal is to help everyone in recognizing their talent in the field of organic products and to reduce diseases from society. Our target people are those who are looking to perform better in their daily life and to earn some money by having an appropriate platform. This project is about the goodwill of the people. The more people benefit from this project, the more we feel achieved and honoured.? To develop the attention in the organic and herbal products.? To motivate the interest of people who can make herbal and organic products by their knowledge and can easily start getting income from it by staying at home.? To facilitate a connection between seller and buyer directly. We plan to move this project on large scale outside the Pakistan that means world-wide every-one would be able to avail the opportunity of buying 100% organic products and paying in their currencyWe will manage to arrange Hakeem, Doctors and Nutritionist so that people could consult them online. In this way, the tradition of inorganic farming will be replaced by organic farming using modern tools integrated with computation and networking.

The Brain and Language, Personal Memory, and Self-Awareness

Sahan Ratnayake Development of Language and its influence on self-awarness, personal memory, and higher emotion. Language is defined as the system of linguistic signs or symbols considered in the abstract. Language is purely a human concept. Though it is used by many animals on the planet, no other animal uses language to the extent or complexity as humans do. This is in part to the larger brain size of humans as opposed to animals. Our closest animal relative, the chimpanzee, has a brain size of around 400cc, while humans have a brain that weighs around 1300cc.This larger brain, as allowed humans to use language more efficiently to achieve its goals. With the development of language rose the characteristics that make us human: self-awareness, higher emotion, and personal memory. Though it is impossible to determine when language arose, it has been theorized that the growth of language coincided with the increase in brain volume. The brain is the control system of the body. All aspec ts of human behavior, language, reflexes, emotions, memory, are controlled by separate structure of the brain.Within these structures are billions of neurons, specialized cells that transmit information throughout the brain in the form of electrical signals. The brain is split into two hemispheres, the left hemisphere controlling the activities of the right side, and the right hemisphere controlling the activities of the left side. Regarding language, it was discovered that the left hemisphere of the brain is largely responsible for controlling language. More specifically, the outer surface of the central hemisphere, the cortex, is regarded as the center of human speech and language processing.Two structure of the cortex, Broca’s and Wernicke’s are responsible for speech production and understanding of written and spoken language, respectively. The development of language isn’t due solely to a larger brain, but also to genes and the physiological anatomy of huma ns. In the 1990s, geneticists discovered the FOXP2 gene. The FOXP2 gene is used for proper brain and lung development. Upon testing the gene, geneticists discovered that mutation to the FOXP2 gene caused severe speech and language disorder, leading scientists to conclude that the gene is essential in speech and language production.The physical anatomy of humans is also a major component in producing speech and language. These speech organs are the lungs, the voice box, the throat, the mouth, and the nose. Speech is an air pressure that travels from the speaker to the listener. The lungs produce the air pressure for speech while the rest of the speech organs shape this air pressure to create the final sounds that reach the listener’s ears. For years, scientists have tried to explain the origin of language.Though several theories have been put forth to explain the origin of language, there is no evidence to support any of them. Some scientists have theorized that language is so complex that it cannot exists in the form modern humans use today but must have evolved from our human ancestors. This theories are called continuity-based theories. There are other scientists that argue that human language is unique to humans, leading to the lack of evidence for its existence, and that it suddenly appeared in the evolution from early human ancestors to the humans that we are today.Yet there are other scientist that argue that language is embedded in the human genetic code, and others who see language is cultural, learned through social interaction. Though no solid evidence for any of these theories can be found in the early human ancestors, it is fairly certain that the earliest human ancestors to use language were Homo heidelbergensis, thought to be the common ancestor between Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. Recent archaeological finds have shown that H. heidelbergensis had an ear structure similar to that of H. apiens, which means that they could pick up the same sound frequencies modern humans could. Although this doesn’t necessarily mean they used language to communicate with one another, it is proof that H. heidelbergensis did have a system of communication. With the development of language came the ability of humans to become self-aware. Self-awareness is the ability to recognize oneself as an individual that is separate from its environment and other individuals. Self-awareness isn’t possible without inner speech. It is inner speech that llows individuals to question the past, present, and future. It allows them to think about themselves and to evaluate their actions. Several experiments have shown that, when individuals were asked to talk to themselves or to participate in self-relevant tasks. While doing so, it was discovered that in most people the Broca’s area in the left hemisphere of the brain, showed activity. The Broca’s area on the left hemisphere is used for inner speech. People whose Broc a’s area was damaged showed that they couldn’t talk to themselves and lost the process of self-awareness.Regarding the self-aware and self-relevant tasks, fMRI scans have shown that the Broca’s area lights up. This proves that language is essential for the task of self- evaluation. Literature has also given many example of self-awareness and the development of language. In the Greek work, Illiad, that lack of subjectivity by the characters and their insistence on divine intervention suggests that the language areas of the brain weren’t as developed as they are now, causing them to credit the â€Å"gods† for their actions, good and bad.However, in the Odyssey, the use of the pronoun â€Å"I† and Odysseus’s rebellion against the gods suggests that the Broca’s area is much more developed, thus a more developed self-awareness. Language is also responsible for the human trait of memory. Memory is defined as memory from episodes in o ne’s life. Personal memory is also referred to as personal event memory. Neurologically, memory is stored in the hippocampus and the amygdala. Studies have shown that the hippocampus become active during recollection of memories. The amygdala is used in the recollection of emotional memories.Language is an essential part of recalling a memory. Experiments by Tessler and Nelson in 1993, where a child was asked to talk about a visit to a museum. It was discovered that the child couldn’t recall anything that wasn’t told to him by his mother. This suggests that language is a key component in recalling a memory. Several other experiments with different age groups have shown that older kids remember more than the younger children, which means that since the older kids have a broader vocabulary than the younger kids, the older participants are able to remember and recall a more vivid memory of a past event.Language is also an essential part of the human trait of higher emotion. Higher emotion differs from emotion. Emotion, also known as basic emotions, stem from the mammalian brain of humans and the amygdala. Such emotions, for example fear, are necessary for survival. Higher emotions arise in the pre-frontal cortex, a relatively new part of the brain. Higher emotions such as love, are abstract emotion; they cannot be expressed using physical movement whereas fear, a basic emotion can be expressed using facial expressions or simulation.Language is extremely important for the expression of higher emotions. Language allows humans to explain, as well as understand, higher emotions. Language is necessary for all human advancements. Humans have used language to a greater extent than do apes. Though the origin of language is uncertain, it is undisputed that our earlier ancestors, H. hidelbergensis, were able to communicate and language passed down from them to H. sapiens. Language has also allowed humans to become aware of themselves, to develop memory , and to have higher emotions, characteristics that make H. apiens unique. Works Cited 1. Plontke, Ronny. Language and Brain. N. p. , 13 Mar. 2003. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. 2. Rumbaugh, Sue Savage. â€Å"Human Language-Human Consciousness. †Ã‚  A « On the Human. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 3. Morin, Alan. â€Å"Language and Self-awareness. †Ã‚  Science & Consciousness Review. N. p. , 2 Aug. 2007. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 4. Morin, Alan. â€Å"Inner Speech and Conscious Experience. †Ã‚  Science & Consciousness Review. N. p. , 20 Apr. 2003. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . 5. â€Å"Speech Anatomy. †Ã‚  Speech Anatomy. N. p. , n. d. Web. 28 Oct. 012. . 6. â€Å"Language. †Ã‚  Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 7. â€Å"Rebecca's Dystopia. †Ã‚  : The Link Between Memory and Language. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 8. â€Å"Neanderthal Behavior. †Ã‚  Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Oct. 2012. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 9. â⠂¬Å"FOXP2. †Ã‚  Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 10. â€Å"Language and Emotion. †Ã‚  Language and Emotion. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 11. â€Å"Personal Event Memory. †Ã‚  Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Oct. 2012. Web. 27 Oct.